![]() Attention improves performance on several visual tasks, such as contrast sensitivity, speed and orientation discrimination as well as spatial resolution ( Lee et al., 1999 Morrone et al., 2002 Carrasco et al., 2004 Alais et al., 2006a). When stimuli are attended to their processing become more rapid, more accurate, and more detailed ( Posner et al., 1980 Desimone and Duncan, 1995 Carrasco and McElree, 2001 Carrasco et al., 2004 Liu et al., 2005, 2009). This process is usually termed “attention” ( James, 1890/1950). ![]() To successfully interact with the stimuli of our environment, we need to process selectively the information most relevant for our tasks. The results have clear implications for effective design of instrumentation and forms of audio–visual communication devices. ![]() This confirms previous reports that vision and audition use separate attentional resources, consistent with fMRI findings of attentional effects as early as V1 and A1. The results show that while the concurrent visual contrast discrimination reduced tracking ability by about 0.7 d′, the concurrent auditory task had virtually no effect. Concurrently, they were required to identify either which out of three gratings spaced over the interval differed in contrast or, in the auditory version of the same task, which tone differed in frequency relative to the two reference tones. The primary task was a multiple object-tracking task ( Pylyshyn and Storm, 1988), in which observers were required to track between 2 and 5 dots for 4 s. We addressed this issue by asking subjects to perform a double task, either in the same modality or in different modalities (vision and audition). One important question is whether these resources are allocated separately to each sense or shared between them. Our perceptual capacities are limited by attentional resources. 3 Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy. ![]() 2 Istituto Scientifico per la Neuropsichiatria dell’Infanzia e dell’Adolescenza Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.1 Facoltà di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy. ![]()
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